NCERT Solutions for Class-7 Science Chapter-7 Weather, Climate and Adaptations of Animals to Climate

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES

Question 1. Name the elements that determine the weather of a place.
Answer: Temperature, rainfall, humidity.

Question 2. When are the maximum and minimum temperatures likely to occur during the day?
Answer: The maximum temperature of the day generally occurs in the afternoon while the minimum temperature occurs generally in the early morning.

Question 3. Fill in the blanks:
(i) The average weather taken over a long time is called …….
(ii) A place receives very little rainfall and the temperature is high throughout the year, the climate of that place will be …… and ………
(iii) The two regions of the earth with extreme climatic conditions are ……… and ……..
Answer:
(i) climate
(ii) dry, very hot
(iii) tropical, polar

Question 4. Indicate the type of climate of the following areas:
(а) Jammu and Kashmir : ……….
(b) Kerala : ………
(c) Rajasthan : ………..
(d) Northeast India : ………
Answer:
(a) Moderately hot and moderately wet (very cold in winter).
(b) Very hot and wet.
(c) Hot and dry.
(d) Wet.

Question 5. Which of the two changes frequently, weather or climate?
Answer: It is the weather that changes frequently because it is such a complex phenomenon that it can vary over a very short period of time.

Question 6. Following are some of the characteristics of animals:
(i) Diets heavy on fruits
(ii) White fur
(iii) Need to migrate
(iv) Loud voice
(v) Sticky pads on feet
(vi) Layer of fat under skin
(vii) Wide and large paws
(viii) Bright colours
(ix) Strong tails
(x) Long and large beak
Each characteristic indicates whether it is an adaptation for tropical rainforests or polar regions. Do you think that some of these characteristics can be adapted for both regions?
Answer:

Characteristics	Adaptation for Tropical Rainforest/Polar Regions
(i) Diets heavy on fruits	Tropical rainforest
(ii) White fur	Polar regions
(iii) Need to migrate	Polar regions
(iv) Loud voice	Tropical rainforest
(v) Sticky pads on feet	Tropical rainforest
(vi) Layer of fat under the skin	Polar regions
(vii) Wide and large paws	Polar regions
(viii) Bright colours	Tropical rainforest
(ix) Strong tails	Tropical rainforest
(x) Long and large beak	Tropical rainforest

Question 7. The tropical rainforest has a large population of animals. Explain why it is so.
Answer: Because of continuous warmth and rain, this region supports wide variety of plants and animals.

Question 8. Explain, with examples, why we find animals of certain kinds living in particular climatic conditions.
Answer: Animals are adapted to survive in the conditions in which they live. Features and habits that help animals to adapt to their surroundings are a result of the process of evolution. Since to survive in a particular type of climate all the animals must have certain adaptive features, therefore we find animals of a certain kind living in a particular climatic conditions. For example, animals in the polar region are adapted to the extremely cold climate by having some special characteristics as in polar bear such as white fur, strong sense of smell, a layer of fat under the skin, wide and large paws for swimming and walking etc.

Question 9. How does elephant living in the tropical rainforest adapt themselves?
Answer: The elephant has adapted to the conditions of rainforests in many remarkable ways. It uses the trunk as a nose because of which it has a strong sense of smell. The trunk is also used for picking up food. Moreover, its tusks are modified teeth. These can tear the bark of trees that elephant loves to eat. So, the elephant is able to handle the competition for food rather well. The large ears of the elephant help it to hear even very soft sounds. They also help the elephant to keep cool in the hot and humid climate of the rainforest.

Choose the correct option which answers the following question:
Question 10. A carnivore with stripes on its body moves very fast while catching its prey. It is likely to be found in
(i) polar regions
(ii) deserts
(iii) oceans
(iv) tropical rainforests
Answer:
(iv) tropical rainforests

Question 11. Which features adapt polar bears to live in an extremely cold climate?
(i) A white fur, fat below the skin, keen sense of smell.
(ii) Thin skin, large eyes, white fur.
(iii) A long tail, strong claws, white large paws.
(iv) White body, paws for swimming, gills for respiration.
Answer:
(i) A white fur, fat below the skin, keen sense of smell.

Question 12. Which option best describes a tropical region?
(i) Hot and humid
(ii) Moderate temperature, heavy rainfall
(iii) Cold and humid
(iv) Hot and dry
Answer:
(i) Hot and humid