NCERT Solutions for Class-6 Civics Chapter-9 Urban Livelihoods

NCERT TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS

Question 1. Read and discuss the following description of the living conditions of workers who come to the labour chowk.
Most workers that we find at the labour chowk cannot afford permanent accomodation and sleep on pavements near the chowk, or they pay Rs. 6 a night for a bed at a nearby night shelter run by the Municipal Corporation. To compensate for the lack of security, local tea and cigarette shops function as banks, moneylenders and safety lockers, all rolled into one. Most workers leave their tools at these shops for the night for safe keeping and pass on any extra money to them. The shopkeepers keep the money safety and also offer loans to labourers in need.
Source : Aman Sethi, Hindu on-line
Answer: Students are suggested to discuss on the above theme in the class in the presence of their teacher.

Question 2. Complete the following table and discuss how their work is different:

Name	Place of work	Earnings	Security of work	Benefits received	Work on their own or employed
Bachchu Manjhi		Rs 100 a day
Harpreet Vandana					Work on their own
Nirmala			No security
Sudha	Company	Rs. 30,000 p.m.

Answer:

Name	Place of work	Earnings	Security of work	Benefits received	Work on their own or employed
Bachchu Manjhi	Road	Rs 100 a day	No security	No benefits	Work on his own
Harpreet Vandana	Showroom	Flexible	Their job is secured	They are planning to buy a flat and car.	Work on their own
Nirmala	Garment factory	Rs. 80 a day	No security	She can earn extra money by working late.	Employed
Sudha	Company office	She gets regular salary.	Her job is secured	Holidays, medical facilities	Employed

Question 3. In what ways is a permanent and regular job different from a casual job? Discuss.
Answer: In a permanent and regular job an employee gets a regular salary every month. Besides, a regular salary he gets other benefits such as savings for old age, holidays, medical facilities for his family, etc. Thus, his job is secured. But casual workers avail no job security. If workers complain about their pay or working conditions, they are asked to leave. They are also expected to work very long hours. They don’t get other benefits like permanent employees.

Question 4. What benejits does Sudha get along with her salary?
Answer: Sudha is a permanent worker with a company. She gets several benefits along with her salary,
1. Savings for old age. A part of her salary is kept in a fund with the government. She will earn interests on these savings. When she retires from this job she will get this money in the form of pension.
2. Sudha gets off on Sundays and national holidays. She also gets some days as annual leave.
3. Medical facilities for her family. The company pays Sudha medical expenses up to a certain amount for her and her family members. She gets medical leave if she falls ill and her salary is not cut if she takes this leave.

Question 5. Fill in the following table to show the services provided by people in markets which you msit frequently.

Name of the shop or office	Nature of the service provided

 Answer:

Name of the shop or office	Nature of the service provided
Garment showroom	It provides clothes as per the requirement of the customer.
Shop selling utensils, footwear, electronic goods, etc.	They provide household things.
Banks	They provide security and growth to our money.
Note: Students are suggestec	to add more.